Bipolar disorder is a common mental health problem that causes major mood swings. Most people with the condition experience infrequent cycles of severe depression as well as episodes of elevated, manic behavior between long periods of stable moods. About 15 percent of sufferers, however, experience rapid cycling bipolar where episodes occur four or more times a year and last for more than seven days at a time. People with rapid cycling bipolar generally have many more depressive periods than manic ones, and their moods can severely impact relationships, school and work performance, and even physical health. Treatment in the form of medications and psychological counseling can help patients better manage their symptoms and function in society.
The majority of people with bipolar disorder begin experiencing symptoms in adolescence or early adulthood. While the generic disorder affects males and females at about the same rate, rapid cycling bipolar is more common in women. Genetic, biological, and environmental factors can all play roles in the development of rapid cycling bipolar. The condition tends to run in families, though researchers have not pinpointed specific genetic markers. Imbalances of neurotransmitters in the brain, including dopamine and serotonin, are significant contributing factors, and symptoms can be triggered by stressful life situations.
Most people with rapid cycling bipolar experience at least four episodes of major depression each year, and many suffer from the disorder on a monthly basis. Signs of depression can include low self esteem, withdrawing from friends and family, problems sleeping, and disinterest in work, school, and hobbies. Many people develop unhealthy eating patterns — either overeating or experiencing a loss of appetite resulting in significant weight loss. Suicidal thoughts and actions are common among people with severe rapid cycling bipolar.
Manic episodes are less common than depressive mood swings among people with rapid cycling bipolar. In a manic state, a person may have extremely high energy and be easily distracted. He or she may act recklessly and not think through important decisions. In addition, mania can be characterized by irritability and unwillingness to listen to others' directions or opinions.
A diagnosis of bipolar can be made by a medical doctor or psychiatrist after health problems, drug abuse, and other mental illnesses have been ruled out as possible causes of symptoms. Treatment is unique for each patient, but most people are placed on a daily regimen of mood-stabilizing drugs and antipsychotics. Patients who experience frequent depression may be prescribed high-strength antidepressants to reduce the frequency and severity of episodes. Finally, counseling and support from co-sufferers and family members can help patients learn to enjoy life despite their condition.