What is the Connection Between Stress and Panic Attacks?

Stress and panic attacks can paralyze sufferers with crippling fear. In some cases, for instance, when the source of anxiety is constant or becomes overwhelming, or when the body is taxed or fatigued, stress can cause an individual to suffer a panic attack. Alcohol, caffeine, tobacco and similar substances also can affect an individual’s ability to cope with stress and raise levels of anxiety. Successful management of stress and panic attacks might require prescription medication or consultation with a therapist.

Panic attacks typically strike suddenly, and although specific symptoms vary, sufferers are likely to experience difficulty breathing, rapid heartbeat, hot flashes, chills, lightheadedness, chest pains, numbness in the extremities, feelings of intense fear and a need to escape. The sufferer might confuse these symptoms with those of a heart attack and might express feelings of dread or fear that death is close. Attacks typically last 10-30 minutes, but in some cases, the experience can trigger a second panic attack, and the sufferer might cycle through a series of attacks for prolonged periods.

Everyone deals with some level of daily stress. In most cases, the stress is manageable and is even helpful, demanding greater attention and focus on the task at hand. For sufferers of panic attacks, however, these normal stresses can be perceived as disproportionately dangerous or important. Periods of intense stress can trigger panic attacks, and an individual’s first attack is especially likely to be the result of heightened stress. Anticipation and fear add fuel to the fire, making stress and panic attacks more likely.

Often, panic attacks can be triggered by specific situations or activities. Crowds, driving or enclosed spaces, for instance, might become the focus of phobic fear, making stress and panic attacks likely. Sufferers often attempt to regain control and reduce stress by limiting exposure to these risk factors, a strategy that frequently leads to a reluctance to leave the home, a condition referred to as agoraphobia.

Stress management can be tricky for panic attack sufferers. By focusing too tightly on managing stress, by planning ahead and trying to control situations that might cause stress and panic attacks, the sufferer is likely to raise rather than reduce levels of stress. Rather than long-term strategies, immediate responses such as breathing exercises are recommended to reduce stress levels. Sufferers should speak with a professional for the best advice on managing stress and panic attacks.