What Is Propoxyphene Napsylate?

Propoxyphene napsylate is a generic medication commonly prescribed to treat mild to moderate pain. This drug typically contains both propoxyphene, a narcotic pain reliever, as well as acetaminophen, which is also a pain reliever, but it is not a narcotic. As of 2010, this drug may no longer be available in the United States; however, it may still be prescribed in other countries.

Patients should follow their doctor's dosage instructions carefully and avoid exceeding the maximum dosage of 600 milligrams (mg) per day. It is recommended that patients take a dose when they first notice pain, because it may not be as effective if it is taken when pain worsens. Those who experience stomach upset with this drug may take it with food; however, this can negatively impact its efficacy. Patients may also try lying down after taking a dose to alleviate stomach upset. Propoxyphene napsylate can become habit-forming, especially if the patient takes it in excessive dosages or for a longer time than prescribed.

Some side effects may occur with the use of propoxyphene napsylate, which should be reported to the prescribing physician if they become severe. Patients may experience drowsiness, dizziness, and a headache. Constipation, nausea, and vomiting have also been reported. Some people have also noticed vision changes and lightheadedness.

More serious side effects require a doctor's immediate care. Rarely, patients may experience difficulty breathing, mood changes, or changes in the amount of urine. Patients must avoid taking other drugs with acetaminophen, because this can result in liver damage. Those who already have liver disease must ask their doctors about a maximum dosage of acetaminophen. Symptoms of this potentially life-threatening complication can include dark urine, stomach pain, and severe nausea or vomiting.

Before using propoxyphene napsylate, patients must disclose their other medical conditions. This drug passes into breast milk; however, as of 2011, it is unknown whether it may harm a nursing infant. Women who are breastfeeding must discuss possible risks with their doctors. Those who are pregnant should avoid this narcotic pain reliever whenever possible. Propoxyphene napsylate may be contraindicated for use by those who have a history of drug or alcohol abuse, those who have suicidal tendencies, and those with abdominal or stomach problems.

This medication may interact with other drugs. Before using propoxyphene napsylate to relieve pain, patients must disclose their other medications and supplements, including blood thinners, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and other pain medications. It can also interact with tranquilizers, antidepressants, and any medicines that cause drowsiness.