What Is Nasogastric Intubation?

Nasogastric intubation is a medical procedure that involves placing a tube into the stomach through the nostrils. There are several possible reasons that this procedure may need to be used, including the removal of stomach contents or the delivery of nutrients and medication. The patient is typically awake during the nasogastric intubation procedure, although a topical anesthetic may be used to reduce discomfort. Occasionally, complications such as esophageal tearing or fluid aspiration may occur as a result of the placement or removal of the tube. Questions about nasogastric intubation in individual situations should be discussed with a doctor or other qualified medical professional.

Medical situations that require the removal of stomach contents often benefit from the use of nasogastric intubation. If a person has been poisoned or is thought to have overdosed on alcohol or drugs, the contents of the stomach can be suctioned out through the use of the catheter. Medications such as activated charcoal can also be administered through the nasogastric tube to help absorb any residual traces of the toxic substance.

A person who is undergoing surgery that requires general anesthesia may be a candidate for nasogastric intubation. In these cases, the tube is usually inserted after sedation and removed before the patient awakens. A mild to moderate sore throat is usually the only physical sign that the tube was used, as there is no recollection of the procedure itself.

Those with gastrointestinal disorders that may result in breathing difficulties require nasogastric intubation. Blood, food, and excess gas can be removed from the body in this manner. Fluids and medications may also be delivered through the catheter, and patients who cannot swallow easily may receive most or all nutrients through the nasogastric tube. In some situations, the tube may be temporarily left in place after the patient returns home so that tube feeding can continue.

Serious complications arising from nasogastric intubation are relatively uncommon, although there are potential risks associated with every medical procedure. The esophagus may be torn during the placement or removal of the catheter, or the tube may be accidentally introduced into the trachea instead of the esophagus, sometimes requiring additional surgery. Excessive bleeding, infection, and inflammation are also possible. Nosebleeds, sinus problems, and electrolyte imbalances are also among the potential complications. Any new or bothersome symptoms that develop after a nasogastric intubation procedure should be reported to a doctor for further evaluation.