Lopressor® is the brand name used by Novartis Pharmaceuticals for the drug metoprolol succinate. This is a drug belonging to a class of agents known as beta blockers, which are commonly prescribed for high blood pressure treatment and other cardiovascular conditions. It may also be marketed under the name Toprol-XL®.
Beta blockers work by inhibiting the body’s reaction to adrenaline and epinephrine. The invention of beta blockers in 1958, and the subsequent application of them to practical medicine by Sir James Black were hailed as a major milestone in medicine. In fact, he won a Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1988 for his work with beta blockers.
In addition to treating high blood pressure, Lopressor® is also approved for the treatment of irregular heartbeat, chest pain, and migraine prevention. It is routinely given as part of therapy after a heart attack or heart failure. Its primary method of action is to slow the heart rate and relax the blood vessels, thereby reducing blood pressure. A common off label use is to treat patients with panic or anxiety disorders.
As with all hypertension medications, Lopressor® should only be started or discontinued under the direction of a physician. It is usually taken twice a day with or immediately following a meal. Metoprolol tartrate is a form of Lopressor® that is formulated for long-acting or extended-release use. In contrast to the regular formulation, it is designed to be taken once per day. It is marketed as Toprol-XL®.
Some of the transient and less serious side effects of the drug may include fatigue; drowsiness; and a feeling of being lightheaded, especially upon standing. It has been recommended that until one becomes used to the medication, he should not drive or operate machinery. Diabetics may experience changes in blood sugar control while taking this medication as well.
Serious side effects may include a worsening of chest pain or symptoms of heart failure. Cyanosis, or bluish tints to fingers, skin or lips; persistent dizziness; slow or irregular heartbeat; or tingling of the hands or feet are not to be tolerated for any length of time, as these symptoms may indicate a serious medical problem. Immediate medical treatment is recommended in this event.
Taking an excessive amount of Lopressor® can cause hypotension, or low blood pressure, due to bradycardia. Bradycardia is a condition in which the heart rate is below 50 beats per minute. It may also result in seizures or respiratory arrest. In diabetics, an overdose may result in metabolic acidosis, wherein the blood becomes more acidic due to changes in the body’s use of sugar.
Because of Lopressor’s® effects on the body, diabetics and persons with thyroid or breathing problems should notify their physicians before starting the medication. It is also important to discuss allergies and any other medications, including over-the-counter or herbal supplements, with one’s physician.