An acromioclavicular injury involves damage to the connective tissue in the acromioclavicular joint, located between the scapula and clavicle in the shoulder. This injury is sometimes known as a shoulder separation. It most commonly occurs when an individual attempts to soften a fall by extending an arm, or as a sports injury. The best treatment depends on the severity of the injury and some other factors, including the patient's general level of health and activity level. Extremely active patients may need more intensive therapy to treat the injury and prevent future strains.
Patients with this injury may notice pain, tenderness, and swelling in the shoulder. Some experience a decreased range of motion. The shoulder does not naturally recover after a night of rest and in some cases may be heavily bruised. The acromioclavicular injury can make it difficult to engage in daily activities without pain and stress.
A doctor or other medical professional can evaluate the patient to determine the nature and severity of the injury. Physical examinations can provide useful diagnostic information and imaging of the shoulder may be necessary. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be recommended to clearly visualize the soft tissue, which may not be as visible on X-ray. In some cases, endoscopic procedures to look inside the joint may be necessary.
For low level injuries, the preferred treatment is usually rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE). The patient's acromioclavicular injury should clear up within approximately a week as long as the patient avoids bearing weight on the affected shoulder. Some patients may want to consider physical therapy after recovery to strengthen the shoulder joint before resuming normal activities. More serious injuries may require physical therapy and the use of braces and other devices to stabilize the shoulder in healing.
In a severe case where ligaments, tendons, and muscles have pulled apart and the joint capsule is compromised, the patient may need surgery. This type of acromioclavicular injury is very serious and may cause permanent complications, like chronic shoulder pain, if not treated. A surgeon can evaluate the patient to determine if surgery would be advisable. The surgeon can also develop a treatment plan, which may include minimally invasive surgery to repair the damage with a minimum of disruption to the patient. This surgery can also come with a shorter healing time from acromioclavicular injury, as it will not involve management of a large surgical wound.