A skin cancer specialist is a doctor who specializes in treating different types of cancer that can develop on the skin. This physician conducts examinations, makes recommendations for treatment, and may also perform surgery when needed to remove cancerous growths. Skin cancer specialists also focus on preventative care to help individuals avoid developing skin cancer when possible.
Most skin cancer specialists are dermatologists. A dermatologist is a physician who specializes in diseases of the skin. Training to become a dermatologist varies by country, but in the US, a medical degree and an additional several years of residency and training are required. Board certification is also typically necessary. Many dermatologists continue their education throughout their careers, often completing additional training as part of becoming a skin cancer specialist.
A dermatologist will usually meet with patients for an initial consultation to discuss their concerns. At this appointment, the doctor — and in some cases a nurse — examines the body for moles, obvious tumors, and abnormal skin discolorations. The skin cancer specialist will review the individual's medical history and answer any questions the person may have. During this time, the doctor will also advise the person if he or she sees any moles or bumps on the patient's skin that are alarming and recommend additional testing if needed.
If the doctor finds something he or she thinks requires further examination, he or she will most likely biopsy the growth. During the biopsy, the physician cuts a small piece of tissue and checks it under a microscope to see if the cells are cancerous. Sometimes the cells will indicate that cancer is present and the doctor will need to decide what step to take next to treat the cancer.
There are different ways that a skin cancer specialist will treat a person who has been diagnosed with skin cancer. Doctors usually determine the best approach depending on the type of cancer the person has and how fast the cancer has advanced. Some patients may receive non-invasive radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Physicians may also recommend laser surgery or a surgical incision to completely cut out the tumor. The doctor will discuss all of the treatment plans with the patient and also see the patient in follow-up after the procedure is performed.
An important part of what a skin cancer specialist does is teaching preventive care to patients who either have been diagnosed with skin cancer or are considered high-risk. Doctors may suggest skin-protecting creams and advise patients to restrict exposure to ultraviolet light from outdoors and tanning beds. Another service these doctors may provide is to show the individual how to perform self-examinations to check for new moles or growths.
Doctors who practice in the area of skin cancer often specialize in procedures to correct scars that can occur after mole and tumor removal. Many dermatologists also offer dermabrasion and skin rejuvenation treatments. Some of these specialists may also perform treatment for skin that has been routinely harmed by the sun.