What Are the Uses of Heparin?

Heparin is a type of prescription medication that is used to prevent or treat blood clots and is primarily used in a hospital setting. People who need long-term heparin therapy might be prescribed an injectable form of this drug to use at home. Those who are facing surgery or who must spend prolonged periods of time in bed might be given this drug to reduce the chances of developing blood clots. A pulmonary embolism is a potentially fatal blood clot in the lungs, and it is often treated with this drug. Any questions or concerns about the use of heparin on an individual basis should be discussed with a doctor or other medical professional.

This medication was not available as an oral preparation as of 2011. It is administered either as an injection or through an intravenous (IV) line. The injectable form can be used at a doctor's office or hospital, or for long-term usage, the patient can be trained to self-administer the medication at home. For intravenous usage in a hospital setting, a small catheter is inserted into a vein so that the medication can be delivered directly into the bloodstream.

As a blood thinner, heparin can be used to prevent or treat blood clots. A person who must spend prolonged periods of time on bed rest or confined to one position has an increased risk of developing blood clots. This medication is often given in an effort to prevent the formation of these clots. If blood clots do form, severe complications, such as heart attack or stroke, might occur. Blockages might also develop, interrupting the blood and oxygen supplies to the various organs and tissues of the body.

A pulmonary embolism is the term used for a blood clot that is located in the lungs. Large clots can block oxygen flow to the remainder of the body, often causing death. Heparin is used to reduce the size of these clots, and the ultimate goal is to eliminate the clots completely. Many surgical procedures can increase the risks of developing blood clots, so this medication is often given during or after the operation to reduce these risks.

Before using heparin, the patient needs to discuss any medications that are being taken with the doctor, because some drugs do not interact well with blood thinners. The doctor needs to be aware of any existing medical conditions as well. Side effects such as muscle weakness, numbness or chest pain should be reported right away for further medical evaluation.