Researchers have not yet been able to pinpoint the specific causes of borderline personality disorder (BPD), and tend to believe that it is more likely a combination of factors than one specific cause. There are a few different potential causes of borderline personality disorder; some researchers suggest that genetics could play a role, as this disorder can run in families. Environmental or external factors can also lead to higher incidences of this disorder, such as abuse or neglect in childhood. Additionally, certain studies also suggest that certain patterns of physiological brain development seem to be associated with certain cases of borderline personality disorder, but again, this does not apply in every case.
Whether genetics can be cited as one of the causes of borderline personality disorder is a point of contention among researchers and psychiatrists. Some studies have shown that it tends to run in families; for instance, parents with this disorder may also have children who are more prone to it, and some studies of twins have drawn similar conclusions. Other researchers disagree, however, and say genetics is not a factor in borderline personality disorder. Instead, they tend to point to environmental factors as the most common cause.
External or environmental causes of borderline personality disorder tend to be the most often agreed-upon factors leading to this mental illness. Specific traumas in childhood or adolescence seem to be the most common. This can be physical, sexual, or verbal abuse, as well as neglect of a parent or guardian. The death of someone the child was close to can also be a factor. In some cases, children of families in which divorce or substance abuse occurred may also be more prone to borderline personality disorder. Studies also show that adolescents who abuse drugs or alcohol display higher rates of BPD.
Some studies also indicate that changes in brain development are associated with BPD, but whether this can be one of the causes of borderline personality disorder remains to be seen. Regardless of the causes, people suffering from this disorder have difficulty maintaining relationships, and may be prone to impulsive aggressiveness or mood swings. They tend to be very critical of themselves, and may find that this bleeds over into their other relationships. Symptoms of BPD can vary significantly from person to person, so anyone who suspects that he or she might be suffering from this disorder should seek help from a mental health professional.