Cumulative trauma disorders are injuries caused by repetitive trauma to bones, muscles, tendons, and other structures in the body. People may use terms like repetitive stress or strain injuries to refer to these conditions, and they are most common among people who need to engage in repeated motion for work, including both light and heavy labor. These conditions can cause severe injury and may be very painful. Treatment usually focuses on resting, changing working habits, and possibly providing medication to address inflammation and pain in some cases.
Among white collar workers, cumulative trauma disorders are often the result of working at the computer. Heavy typing can cause strain, especially if people have bad sitting posture or do not hold their hands properly. Common examples of workplace injuries include carpal tunnel syndrome, tendinitis, and Blackberry finger. Heavy laborers can experience problems like vibration white finger, where constant vibration from power tools damages blood vessels and nerves, and impairs circulation to one or more fingers.
Work is not the only cause of cumulative trauma disorders. Athletes can develop problems like tendinitis and bursitis as a result of straining themselves while they train or compete. Repeatedly pushing the body to its limits can result in cumulative trauma, especially if athletes work too hard after an injury, when the body is not yet ready for stress like big stretches, bearing heavy weight, or endurance activities such as running.
People with cumulative trauma disorders will notice pain, stiffness, and soreness, both when they are engaging in activities and resting. It can become difficult to perform ordinary tasks, and may interfere with the ability to work. A hairstylist with injuries to the joints in the hands, for example, may not be able to handle scissors, razors, combs, and other tools of the trade, making it impossible to work with clients.
A doctor can conduct an evaluation to check for signs of inflammation. Medical imaging studies may be necessary, depending on the situation. The first recommendation is usually rest to allow the strained area of the body to recover. People may wear supportive gear like braces while resting, and can benefit from icing and heat. Medications to control inflammation may be useful as well. Once people recover, a physical therapist can provide tips on using the bones and muscles safely to prevent further injuries. In some cases, it may be necessary to consider some work or lifestyle changes; someone with cumulative trauma disorders caused by typing, for example, may need to start using dictation software.