What Is Uterine Adenocarcinoma?

Uterine adenocarcinoma is a cancer caused by the uncontrolled growth of skin cells in the lining of the uterus. It is the most common form of reproductive cancer among women in developed nations. Fortunately, the cancer is generally not overly aggressive and is most often discovered in the earliest stage.

Statistically, uterine adenocarcinoma is most likely in postmenopausal women. The risk of this cancer appears to be higher in patients who have never been pregnant. Early menstruation and late menopause also seem increase the chances of developing uterine cancers. Certain medical conditions, including polycystic ovarian syndrome and diabetes, are also contributing factors.

Irregular vaginal bleeding, especially in postmenopausal women, is the most common indicator of uterine adenocarcinoma. Generally, however, the illness is discovered during gynecological exams. Discovery of an enlarged uterus or an abnormal test result often leads to a vaginal ultrasound. If this is abnormal, physicians usually remove a small sample of the uterine lining to confirm the presence of cancerous cells.

Most woman who have been diagnosed with uterine adenocarcinoma require a hysterectomy. In this procedure, a surgeon removes the uterus and possibly the fallopian tubes and ovaries. During this procedure, the physician also examines the surrounding area for any additional abnormal growths. If found, these tumors may also be removed and tested for the presence of cancerous cells.

As a solitary treatment, hysterectomy is effective only in the earliest stage of uterine adenocarcinoma; radiation and chemotherapy are usually suggested to treat more advanced cancers. Radiation therapy for this type of cancer can be done with X-rays but is more frequently accomplished by implanting a small amount of radioactive material near the tumor site. Reactions from implant therapy include lethargy, loss of appetite, and diarrhea. Mild to moderate skin irritation or scarring at the implant site is also possible.

Chemotherapy may be required by women who have late-stage uterine cancer. This treatment involves the administration of chemicals that are toxic to all cells. Unlike healthy cells, cancerous cells cannot heal themselves from damage nor can they multiply after being injured. The toxic nature of these chemicals can cause very unpleasant side effects, including moderate to severe nausea, hair loss, and general weakness. Diarrhea and body-wide pain are also common.

The prognosis for woman who have been diagnosed in the early stages of uterine adenocarcinoma is very good; up to 90% of these women will recover. If the cancer has progressed beyond the reproductive organs, the outlook is much dimmer. As such, regular pelvic examines are highly recommended to aid in early detection.