What is the Connection Between TMJ and Neck Pain?

Neck pain can result from ordinary wear and tear on the bones and cartilage of the neck, structural defects, arthritis, or injuries like whiplash. Medical and dental experts have found a strong connection between TMJ and neck pain. Temporomandibuilar joints, or TMJ, are known to cause neck pain. TMJ, called craniomandibular dysfunction by dental specialists, is caused by a breakdown in the complex interaction of the structures that allow the jaw to operate properly. If the mandibular system does not work correctly, pain can radiate to other parts of the body, including the back, shoulders, and neck.

The human jaw is designed for chewing, biting, swallowing, and speaking. To accomplish these tasks, the jaw must open and close with smooth, regular movements. If any part of the mandibular structure is injured, inflamed, or worn away, pain receptors may be stimulated. These pain receptors are often not confined to the immediate area of damage. This ‘referred pain’ is what occurs with TMJ and neck pain.

TMJ can result from degeneration or injury to any part of the structures of the jaw. Inflammation or degeneration of the mandibular cartilage may be a result of arthritis. An injury, like a blow to the face, may break or crack the jawbone. TMJ can also result from stress injury to muscles due to the continual or intermittent clenching or grinding of teeth or from dentistry requiring prolonged propping open of the jaw.

Certain risk factors are associated with TMJ and neck pain. Women between the ages of 30 and 50 are most likely to develop TMJ. People with rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, and some sleep disorders are also prone to TMJ. Some people have congenital mandibular defects in which the teeth do not meet properly or the jaw does not operate smoothly.

TMJ and neck pain are often treated with medication, though mechanical devices, cognitive behavioral therapy, and lifestyle changes may be implemented. Medication typically includes muscle relaxers, pain relievers, and anti-depressants. Bite guards are sometimes indicated in cases where teeth grinding is the cause, though these devices generally do not help habitual teeth-clenchers. In some cases, surgery is indicated, like when TMJ is due to congenital jaw deformity.

Relaxation techniques can reduce tension in the jaw and decrease TMJ and neck pain. Taking smaller bites, eating soft foods, and avoiding chewy foods, especially chewing gum, can usually relieve stress on the mandible, often decreasing or eliminating the neck pain associated with TMJ.