What Is the Connection between Head Injury and Depression?

Head injury and depression are closely connected, with patients who experience such injuries being at increased risk of depression, especially in the first year. This connection is important for patients, caregivers, and medical teams to understand, because early intervention can make a big difference in outcomes. Research on this subject shows that certain symptoms of head injury can mask the warning signs of depression and may delay treatment. Numerous options are available to address emotional disturbances, including depression.

There are many different kinds of head injuries, and some can contribute to the development of depression in several ways. One issue is that the patient may experience cognitive changes, including disruptions in the balance of neurotransmitters. Chemical imbalances can contribute to depression and other mental health conditions. Patients recovering from head injuries may develop aggression, for example, or significant personality changes. This connection between head injury and depression is important, as it means it may be possible to treat a patient with medications.

Another correlation between head injury and depression is that patients may experience emotional distress associated with fear and worry. In the wake of a head injury, patients may not know if they will be able to return to normal activity levels. They could be worried about supporting themselves if they cannot work or are no longer able to perform the jobs they love. Additionally, they may have concerns about changes in their quality of life, like not being able to engage in physical activity or having trouble with activities like reading and talking with friends. During this adjustment period, depression can be common.

Patients with head injuries often experience what is known as a flat affect, where they may appear distant and unemotional, along with other cognitive changes. These are known complications of head injuries, especially in the early days of recovery when patients have not been in rehabilitative therapy for very long. They are also symptoms of depression. Awareness of the link between head injury and depression can allow care providers to spot tell-tale signs of depression, like lack of motivation, self-harming behaviors, and reduced physical activity.

Therapy can be one option for a patient struggling with head injury and depression. In addition to rehabilitation to develop physical and cognitive skills, the patient could meet with a mental health professional to talk about emotional recovery. Some patients benefit from medications to address imbalances and help them work through the depression. Physical activity can also help, as can taking up hobbies and activities to redirect focus.