What is Sophronitis?

Sophronitis is a plant genus that is part of the Orchidaceae family. It consists of several species of perennial orchids that are native to eastern Brazil, northeastern Argentina and Paraguay. Commonly referred to as Soph, these orchids are named after the Greek word sophron, which translates to "modest." Orchids within this genus usually grow on other plants or on rocks and are generally small. One particular species, S.cernua, features bright orange flowers that are 0.5-0.75 inches (about 1.2-1.9 cm) wide and succulent heart-shaped leaves that are one inch (about 2.5 cm) long.

There are dozens of hybrid species within the sophronitis genus that have been produced through selective breeding. Most of them feature desirable qualities including bright colors, tolerance to cool temperatures and a small size. Some hybrids also have droopy flowers and a weak stem, which aren't as desirable. Many of these hybrids also have a narrow, sharply pointed lip, which isn't as attractive as the wide lip form. Most varieties of sophronitis produce eight flowers, and it generally takes several years for the plant to fully mature.

Species within the sophronitis genus that are epiphytic, meaning that they sprout from the bark or plant tissue of other plants, obtain nutrients and water directly from the atmosphere. These orchids are not parasitic, but require the structural support of other plants to grow. Similarly, sophronitis species that are lithophytic, meaning that they grow within the crevices of rocks, also obtain nutrients and water from the air.

Epiphytic and lithophytic plants require a special growing medium to thrive, such as an epiphytic orchid potting mix. Usually, a shallow container with several drainage holes and a layer of turfy fern-root provides enough support for orchids within the sophronitis genus. When the plant outgrows its container, it is generally divided and placed in another container. It is possible to mount the orchid onto a cork bark or hardwood stick as well.

Orchids classified under the sophronitis genus typically grow in a cloud forest, which is a very humid and shaded environment with cool temperatures. Replicating the natural climate of the orchid is usually the most difficult task associated with growing this type of plant. The orchid should be placed in an area with indirect sunlight, high humidity and a temperature of 50-55°F (about 10-13°C). It should be watered regularly and freely for most of the year, except during the winter, when the plant should receive a sparing amount of water.