What Is Rilonacept?

Rilonacept is a medication prescribed to treat certain genetic disorders, including Muckle-Wells syndrome and familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS). Patients with Muckle-Wells syndrome have flare-ups of joint pain and fever, as well as gradual kidney damage and hearing loss. Those with FCAS suffer from similar symptoms, as well as skin rashes. Rilonacept is an interleukin-1 (IL-1) blocker that works by alleviating inflammation. It is not a cure for these syndromes, but it may help lessen the symptoms.

This medication is only available as an injection to be administered subcutaneously, or under the skin. Each patient should receive no more than one injection per week, however the dosage may vary from patient to patient. Those receive rilonacept may be instructed to administer it at home, or they may go to the doctor's office each week. The injection should be given at alternating sites on the body, including the upper arm, thigh, and abdomen. This drug should not be administered to any area of skin that is hardened, tender, or bruised.

Some side effects may occur with the use of rilonacept, which should be reported to the prescribing physician if they become severe. Patients may notice that the injection sites become swollen, red, or painful, which should dissipate within a few days.

More serious side effects should be reported to the doctor immediately. Rilonacept may cause flu or cold symptoms, such as a fever, chills, and respiratory symptoms. This drug can interfere with the immune system, causing serious infections like pneumonia, sinusitis, and bone or joint infections. Rarely, some patients may have vomit with the appearance of coffee grounds, unusual skin growths, or painful urination. Loss of sensation, bloody stool, and stomach pain have also been reported.

Certain precautions should be followed while using this injection. Patients may need to undergo tests for cholesterol levels while using it. They should not receive a live vaccination, because the drug suppresses the immune system. Likewise, patients must avoid contact with sick people. Children taking this medicine may experience bone development problems.

Before using rilonacept, patients should disclose their other medical conditions, medications, and supplements. As of 2011, it is unknown whether the drug may pass into breast milk and harm a nursing infant. Women who are pregnant or may become pregnant should discuss the potential risks with their doctors. Patients with a history of breathing problems, such as asthma, or those with immune system problems or high cholesterol should not receive these injections. Rilonacept may also be contraindicated for use by those with diabetes, hepatitis, or any active infection.