What Is Hydroxocobalamin?

Hydroxocobalamin is a type of synthetic vitamin B-12 that is delivered in the form of an injection into a muscle. This type of medication is used to treat conditions such as B-12 deficiency and pernicious anemia. Depending on factors such as the condition being treated, the overall health of the patient, and the personal preferences of the patient, hydroxocobalamin may be administered at home by the patient or caregiver, or it may be given in a medical facility by a doctor or nurse. Side effects of this medication may include pain or itching at the site of the injection, body swelling, or diarrhea. Any questions or concerns about the use of hydroxocobalamin on an individual basis should be discussed with a doctor or other medical professional.

Vitamin B-12 is essential for the proper functioning of the central nervous system and brain. This vitamin, also referred to as cobalamin, plays an important role in blood formation as well. When the body is not receiving enough vitamin B-12 through dietary channels or if the body has trouble absorbing this nutrient, hydroxocobalamin treatment may become necessary.

A form of anemia known as pernicious anemia is a common reason for receiving hydroxocobalamin injections. In this form of anemia, the body cannot properly absorb vitamin B-12, necessitating the need for mega-dosing of this vitamin. It is not uncommon for the person with this condition to be advised to take oral B-12 supplements while undergoing treatment with hydroxocobalamin. Autoimmune disorders, previous surgical procedures, and nutritional deficiencies are additional reasons that this injection may be given.

Pain or itching at the injection site are the most commonly reported side effects of using hydroxocobalamin. These symptoms typically go away within a few hours of treatment and do not pose any significant health risks. An overall feeling of body swelling may occur as well, although this symptom is normally short-lived. Mild to moderate diarrhea may occur for several hours following treatment. If any of these symptoms become particularly bothersome or if other symptoms develop, a doctor should be consulted for advice.

Occasionally, a potentially life-threatening allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis may occur after using hydroxocobalamin, even if this injection has been well tolerated in the past. Symptoms may include a rash, hives, and difficulty breathing. These symptoms should be treated as a medical emergency, as death can occur within minutes when the body is deprived of oxygen.