What Is Gingival Hypoplasia?

Gingival hypoplasia is an enlargement of the gum tissue in the mouth and may be caused by a number of factors, including infection, systemic disease, or the use of some medications. Some of the most common symptoms of gingival hypoplasia include redness and swelling of the gums, which may be accompanied by bleeding or pain. As the condition progresses, it may become difficult to eat or speak properly, and a variety of dental problems may occur. Treatment may involve lifestyle modification, the use of medication, or surgical intervention. Any questions or concerns about gingival hypoplasia or the most appropriate treatment options on an individual basis should be discussed with a doctor, dentist, or other medical professional.

Dental infections may sometimes lead to the development of gingival hypoplasia. These infections can normally be treated with antibiotics, although an infected or abscessed tooth may need to be removed, depending on the severity of the damage to the tooth. Regular trips to the dentist can often prevent these infections from occurring, and any signs of gingival hypoplasia can be treated promptly.

Systemic diseases such as leukemia or sarcoidosis may increase the risks of developing dental issues such as an overgrowth of gum tissue. Hormonal changes, such as those during puberty or pregnancy, may also contribute to this condition. Certain medications, particularly those designed to treat seizure disorders, are prone to causing gingival hypoplasia, usually within the first few months of usage.

Symptoms of gingival hypoplasia may include swollen gum tissue, redness, and bleeding. The gums may sometimes become so inflamed that brushing and flossing properly are very difficult or even impossible. Painful sores or ulcers may develop inside the mouth and can negatively affect the ability to speak or eat. In the more advanced stages, the teeth may begin to move out of their natural location.

Treatment options for gingival hypoplasia depend on any underlying causes, although proper dental care is always an important part of treatment. A modified brushing technique and frequent trips to the dentist may be helpful in keeping the mouth clean and relatively free of harmful bacteria. A special mouth rinse is useful in cases where proper brushing is difficult due to the presence of extra gum tissue. Medications such as antibiotics or antifungal drugs may become necessary in some instances. In the most severe cases, some of the excess gum tissue may need to be removed through surgical intervention.