What Is Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita?

Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is a rare type of auto-immune disorder that causes blistering on the skin. There are several types of epidermolysis bullosa, many of which are inherited. EBA isn't inherited, however. In many cases, people more than age 50 acquire the disease, usually along with lupus or Crohn's disease. It is possible for younger children to have the disease as well.

Typically, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita is diagnosed by taking a biopsy of the skin and examining it. The biopsy may be looked at under an immunoelectron microscope. Tests that look for immunoglobulin G, a type of autoantibody, can be used to specifically diagnose EBA instead of other forms of epidermolysis bullosa.

Symptoms of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita include blisters on the skin. The blisters are typically on the hands and feet and can cause scarring. Blisters form because the immune system attacks the skin cells, even though the skin cells are not invasive or attacking the body.

Some types of epidermolysis bullosa cause blisters to form on the organs inside the body and on the throat. Those blisters can cause difficultly swallowing. Some people may have dental problems, hair loss, or thickening of the skin as a result of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita.

EBA is also commonly accompanied by lupus or Crohn's disease, both of which are types of auto-immune diseases. Signs of lupus include fatigue and a general feeling of malaise. Another sign of lupus is a rash over the face that becomes more prominent in the sun. Crohn's disease affects the digestive tract, usually causing stomach cramps and diarrhea.

Treating EBA usually involves draining the blisters on the skin. A patient should seek help from his doctor before puncturing the blisters, especially the first time. Usually, the popped blisters are covered with an antibiotic cream and a bandage to help prevent infection.

More extreme treatments may be required if the patient doesn't recover or if the blistering is pervasive enough to cause damage such as fused fingers. Surgery may be needed to cut away the blisters. Blisters on the esophagus can cause it to narrow. A patient may need surgery to dilate the esophagus, especially if he is unable to eat.

As the blisters can become infected if not covered or cared for properly, care should always be taken when handling the skin. Gauze can protect the draining blisters from bacteria. A person should always wash his hands before changing the bandages or touching the blisters.