What Is Carpometacarpal Arthritis?

Carpometacarpal arthritis is a medical term used to describe a type of osteoarthritis that affects one or both thumbs. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease that causes a gradual loss of cartilage in one or more joints of the body. Some of the most common symptoms of carpometacarpal arthritis include pain, stiffness, and swelling, particularly involving the base of the thumb. Treatment typically consists of the use of supportive devices, over-the-counter or prescription medications, or surgical intervention. Any questions or concerns about carpometacarpal arthritis or the most appropriate treatment methods for an individual situation should be discussed with a doctor or other medical professional.

The exact causes of carpometacarpal arthritis may vary, although arthritis in general is believed to be a natural part of the aging process. Repetitive use of the thumb, systemic disease, or hereditary factors may sometimes contribute to the onset of this condition. In many cases, the underlying cause of carpometacarpal arthritis is never known.

Pain is the most commonly reported symptom of carpometacarpal arthritis, especially when attempting to perform activities such as pinching or grasping an object. Weakness or a feeling of clumsiness is also frequently reported, along with redness or swelling of the affected joint. In more severe cases, there may be an obvious deformity of the thumb. Some patients may experience a worsening of symptoms when resting or during a change in weather patterns.

Supportive devices such as splints may be used to limit the movement of the affected thumb, thus helping to relieve some of the discomfort. Oral pain relievers are often helpful as well. In milder cases, over-the-counter medications may provide sufficient pain relief, although stronger prescription pain relievers are often necessary. If oral medications are not effective, injections may be periodically given. Some doctors may recommend alternating between warm and cold compresses to help relieve the pain and swelling associated with this condition.

If less invasive forms of treatment are not successful, surgical intervention may be necessary in order to effectively treat carpometacarpal arthritis. Depending on the severity of the condition, some of the bones may be either fused together or removed completely. Artificial joint replacement surgery may be used in some situations. Each type of carpometacarpal arthritis is typically performed on an outpatient basis and requires several weeks to heal completely. Physical therapy is often recommended so the patient can learn to use the hand again without causing additional damage to the affected joint.