What is an Angiogenesis Inhibitor?

An angiogenesis inhibitor is a class of drug that is used to fight cancer. As of 2010, this medication was not widely used because it was still being studied in clinical trials. When used, however, it is most commonly employed to treat colon, kidney, and non-small cell lung cancers. Examples of it include bevacizumab, lenalidomide, and thalidomide.

Angiogenesis inhibitors may work most effectively when they are used in combination with other cancer treatments, such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The advantage of using this type of drug is that, unlike chemotherapy and other cancer medications, an angiogenesis inhibitor does not appear to have toxic effects on the patient's healthy, non-tumor cells. It also typically has milder side effects.

The disadvantage of using this type of drug is that it does not necessarily destroy the cancer cells. Rather, it will help prevent tumors from growing larger. This drawback means that it is more likely a patient will need additional cancer drugs to treat the condition.

An angiogenesis inhibitor works by interfering with the body's natural process of growing new blood vessels. The formation of new blood vessels, also called angiogenesis, is necessary for the tumor to grow and metastasize, or spread to other areas of the body. Angiogenesis provides the tumor with nutrients and oxygen. This drug blocks this process, cutting off the vital supplies that the tumor's cells need to multiply.

These medications are typically taken in the form of an injection administered by a healthcare professional. While taking an angiogenesis inhibitor, patients will need to have their blood pressure checked regularly. This helps ensure that it is not causing harmful complications.

Upon receiving an injection, patients may notice a reaction that includes dizziness, nausea, and a rapid heartbeat. Some patients may experience chest pain, wheezing, and chills or sweats. Patients should inform their doctors of any side effects they experience.

Other people may notice bloody urine or stools, severe stomach pain, and vomiting, as well as a severe headache. An angiogenesis inhibitor may also cause patients to cough up blood, have problems with balance or speech, and feel short of breath. Sudden weakness or numbness, leg swelling, and wounds that do not heal are also possible. People should call their physicians as soon as possible if they notice any of these complications. In addition, patients planning surgery may need to discontinue the medication for four weeks prior to a procedure.

It is unknown whether an angiogenesis inhibitor is dangerous to an unborn baby. Whether it will pass into breast milk and harm a nursing infant is also unknown. These drugs may interfere with a woman's fertility. Patients should understand all of the risks and possible benefits of these kinds of medications before beginning treatment.