What Are the Different Causes of Proteinuria?

There are several potential causes of proteinuria, and it is important to visit a doctor in order to obtain an accurate diagnosis and an individualized treatment plan. High blood pressure and diabetes are among the most commonly diagnosed causes of proteinuria. Kidney disorders such as polycystic kidney disease, glomerulonephritis, and a buildup of environmental toxins may also cause an abnormal amount of protein in the urine. Questions or concerns about specific causes of proteinuria should be discussed with a doctor or other qualified medical professional.

High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is one of the most common causes of proteinuria. Untreated hypertension can lead to a slow decline in kidney function, and impaired renal function often leads to excess protein in the urine. Dietary changes, lifestyle modification, and prescription medications are often used to control high blood pressure and may prevent this excess buildup of protein.

Diabetes is a medical condition in which the body does not produce or properly utilize a hormone known as insulin. This can lead to abnormal fluctuations in blood sugar levels and kidney problems such as proteinuria. Mild cases of diabetes may be able to be controlled with dietary modifications such as limiting the consumption of sugar and carbohydrates, although prescription insulin supplementation is sometimes necessary.

Polycystic kidney disease is among the possible causes of proteinuria. This genetic kidney disease causes multiple cysts to develop on one or both kidneys, eventually leading to a loss of kidney function. The diseased kidneys become unable to properly process protein, and this nutrient begins to build up inside the kidneys. While there is no known cure for this disease, a diet low in protein may delay progression and lessen the amount of protein in the urine.

Glomerulonephritis is a medical term used to describe a type of kidney disease that results in damage to the portion of the kidneys responsible for filtering waste materials from the body. Symptoms of this disease often include the presence of abnormal amounts of protein or blood in the urine. Prescription medications may help slow the progression of glomerulonephritis, although dialysis or transplant may eventually become necessary.

Environmental toxins, heavy metals, and the use of certain medications are potential causes of proteinuria. When diagnosed in the early stages, permanent damage to the kidneys may be able to be avoided. In the more severe cases, dialysis may be needed in order to rid the body of the harmful substances.