How Do I Recognize an Allergic Reaction in an Infant?

An allergic reaction in an infant can take on a variety of forms, sometimes making it a bit difficult to discern from other problems. Allergies may cause symptoms such as gastrointestinal disturbances, respiratory problems, or facial swelling. Other potential signs of an allergic reaction in an infant may include water eyes, sneezing, or the development of a skin rash. A doctor should be consulted immediately if any suspected signs of an allergic reaction in an infant are present, as severe allergies can be potentially fatal.

Food allergies are among the leading causes of an allergic reaction in an infant, although other factors may cause the reaction as well. Contact allergies may occur if the child's skin is touched by an allergen such as household chemicals or an ingredient found in soaps or detergents. Respiratory allergies may occur if the child is allergic to pet dander, dust mites, or other environmental pollutants. Any of these factors may cause an allergic reaction to develop.

Gastrointestinal disturbances may be a sign of an allergic reaction in an infant, especially if a food allergy is present. Vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation may occur, frequently leading to feeding problems or excessive fussiness or crying. The child may become gassy or fuss while eating or shortly thereafter if there is an allergy to a particular food. Milk and soy are the two allergens that tend to cause the most problems in infants, sometimes causing parents to switch formulas several times within the first few weeks or months of the infant's life.

Sneezing, watery eyes, or a runny nose may be signs of an allergic reaction in an infant. These symptoms are particularly common when an airborne illness is the problem. Pet dander, dust mites, or ragweed are common airborne allergens. The symptoms of an airborne allergy may be mistaken as a sign of a cold in some cases, but a doctor can usually distinguish between a cold and the presence of allergies.

Respiratory problems and facial swelling are among the most severe signs of an allergic reaction in an infant. These symptoms could indicate the presence of a potentially fatal type of allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis. This condition can prove deadly within a matter of minutes, so emergency medical assistance should be obtained immediately. Supportive care such as oxygen therapy can begin on the ambulance, so the parent or caregiver should not attempt to drive the infant to the hospital.